The Science Behind the Fiction Part 2

Introduction

Welcome to part two of the post on the science used in The Phoenix Diaries. Without further ado, let’s begin.

The Science

Astrobiology

Astrobiology deals with whether life on other planets exist, and if so, how it may have evolved and how humans can detect it. It makes use of several different sciences such as molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, and exoplanetology to determine where life may be present. I use astrobiology to theorize how alien lifeforms might evolve and how their environments affect their biology.

For example, the Nekoshin home world has heavy gravity, so they tend to be muscular, squat, stronger, and faster than humans. Conversely, The Hebin from planet Drac’con tend to be very tall relative to humans, owing to Drac’con’s lower gravity.

Xeno-linguistics

Xeno-linguistics is the theoretical study of alien languages using standard linguistic techniques and concepts. I employ this in the series through the creation of alien languages such as Na’iva and Na’el, which Travis and Prometheus learn in Palingenesis. In later books more alien languages are introduced such as Omnivox, a lingua franca used among the various alien cultures.

Xeno-technology

Likewise, xeno-technology is the study of alien technology, which is a major plot point later in the series as Travis hatches a plan to reverse-engineer all the alien technology he encounters on his adventures and introduce them to Earth. Such technology includes fusion generators, molecular printers, and teleportation pads.

Telepathy

Telepathy is usually considered in the realm of fantasy, but there’s a scientific explanation for how it could work. The theory goes something like this: brain waves being a collection of electrical impulses, these impulses can be transmitted to another’s brain, assuming you’re on the right “frequency.” The technology to do this would require precise knowledge of the human nervous system and brain, so we don’t fry the receiver’s and sender’s mind in the process.

Travis and Prometheus, being part energy creature, are able to modulate their brain waves to tune to others’ minds, and receive others’ thoughts, much as one dialing in a radio station.    

Telekinesis

Similar to telepathy, telekinesis would work by harnessing the power of our brain waves. This would require equipping the objects we want to move with receivers that trigger motors in the objects. Scientists have been experimenting with such technology to help quadriplegics control tablets via their thoughts, and others have used brain implants to allow people to move a robotic arm via their thoughts.

   In this case of Travis and Prometheus, they use the electromagnetic field generated by their brain waves to affect the atmospheric pressure around them and use that to push objects.

Elemental Control

Matter and energy are basically the same thing, per Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, thus if you control one, you control the other. Furthermore, by controlling matter at a subatomic, one can create, water, fire, and the other elements and manipulate them with various forces.

 Therefore, Travis and Prometheus can control the elements due to their control of energy. And fire being a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat, is the element they have greatest control over.  

Rapid Healing

 The rate at which a person heals from an injury depends on age, general health, rest, and nutrition. Generally speaking, the older and sicker you are, the longer it takes you to heal. The healing process is governing by a set of biological processes which all require energy and the right about of organic chemistry to work.

 The way rapid healing works in Palingenesis is Travis is able to speed up this process by focusing his energy onto the task of healing himself. However, doing this requires a ton of energy and Travis’s powers are nerfed afterward, rendering him vulnerable during this recharge period.  

Molecular Printers

Molecular printers are a take on 3-d printers, only they print items molecule by molecule. How such a device would work is by using fusion generators as their power source, then you could either put raw materials in them and have the machine transform the atomic structure into the item you want, or in more advanced models the molecular printer would create the item whole cloth from pure energy a la the replicators from Star Trek.

By Shisma – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32027358

You can do this because per superstring theory, all matter and energy are just strings vibrating at different frequencies.  

The molecular printer Travis first encounters is of the former type.

Gravity Amplifiers

By Mark L Holderman – NASA Technology Applications Assessment Team, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14732951

Similarly, gravity can be amplified using the same technology to vibrate strings at the frequencies to create gravitons and produce localized gravitational fields, like the one Travis and Prometheus use to train with.

Currently, the only way to simulate the effects of gravity is via rotation of large objects, and such a method is used on the International Space Station.  

Hologram-Trainer

Photo by <a href=”https://unsplash.com/@emilybernal?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText”>Emily Bernal</a> on <a href=”https://unsplash.com/s/photos/holographic?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText”>Unsplash</a>

 Holograms are creations of light, specifically they are created when two beams of light of the same wavelength intersect with a two- or three-dimensional picture.

Because light is just another form of energy, the hologram-trainer is able to create holograms of any object you could conceive of, with the benefit of making them solid. So, for all intents and purposes, the holograms it produces are real and can kill you.

Travis and Prometheus make uses of this machine during their training in the Magova (|mah| |goh| |vah| cave) and afterward to keep their skills sharp.

Conclusion

I hope you’ve enjoyed this deep dive into the science behind the fiction. For more information about astronomy and astrophysics check out Neil deGrass Tyson and Derrick Pitts.

Next week’s blog will be my cover reveal.

The Science Behind the Fiction Part 1

Introduction

Welcome back!

 This week and next week’s blogpost will cover the science used in the series. Science fiction and science fact have always influenced each other. Things we take for granted today, like smartphones, tablets, and the internet were once only in the realm of fiction. In fact, science fiction and science often push each other to new limits.

Case in point, the concept of geostationary satellites, which scientists use to collect data on the earth’s atmosphere and telecoms use to transfer data, were popularized by sci-fi author Arthur C. Clarke in his 1945 paper, Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?

By NASA – Great Images in NASA (image link), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=199486

 Moreover, sci-fi author Jules Verne predicted humans would land on the moon decades before the Apollo Program succeeded in doing so. He also predicted submarines, the juke box and hologram, and the existence of giant squids. George Orwell also predicted facial recognition software, speech-to-text devices, and AI technology that could create books and music. In each case, what started as science fiction became reality.

In a similar way, I’ve tried to take existing science and technology and extrapolate how they could be used.  

The Science of Palingenesis

Superstring and M-Theory

By derivative work: Polytope24 / Calabi yau.jpg: Jbourjai (using Mathematica output) – This file was derived from:  Calabi yau.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38781659

Superstring theory and M-Theory posit that instead of the four dimensions we learned in school (length, width, depth, and time) there are other dimensions parallel to ours. Specifically, superstring theory says that the smallest units of energy and matter are strings, one-dimensional objects, whose vibrations give rise to the graviton and other elementary particles. There were five theories of superstring theory, each with a different set of mathematical equations governing them, until 1995 when physicist Edward Witten unified them in M-theory. However, M-theory requires the existence of eleven dimensions.

How this applies to my series is M-theory leads to the existence of infinite dimensions, not just the eleven it predicts. This in turn leads to the existence of a multiverse in Palingenesis, one such dimension being Pandemonium, which Travis travels to at the end of the book.  

Quantum Entanglement

By J-Wiki at English Wikipedia – Entirely self-generated using computer graphics applications., GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16525357

Quantum Entanglement in simplest terms is the phenomenon wherein two particles on the quantum level, separated by a distance X influence each other. For example, if you change the position of momentum of one, it changes those of the other. How this applies to The Phoenix Diaries is that Travis and Prometheus can change into beings of pure energy, and thus the laws of quantum mechanics apply, and they are quantum entangled, allowing one to find the other no matter where in the universe they are.

Einstein’s Theories of Special and General Relativity

Most of us are familiar with E=mc2 and know it as Einstein’s theory of relativity. But this is in accurate. Einstein had two theories of relativity. His special theory of relativity is the one that uses his famous equation and deals with the behavior of physics in different reference frames, relativistic (traveling near the speed of light), and nonrelativistic (everyday speeds much less than the speed of light).

As a consequence of this theory time isn’t constant and you get time dilation where events appear to happen differently based on the reference frame you’re in.

The example Einstein gave was two bolts of lightning striking the ends of a train car. Do they strike at the same time? The answer depends on where in the train (your reference frame) you are. If you’re closer to one end you observe that end being struck first, followed by the other end being struck.

How this plays into The Phoenix Diaries is that time in other dimensions is different (time dilation) such that a day in one dimension could be a month or longer in another dimension. Something Travis must account for when dimension hopping.

By NASA – http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gpb/gpb_012.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4072432

Now Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity deals with space and time, uniting them in the famous space-time continuum. According to this theory space and time are like a fabric and it’s the warping of this fabric by mass that causes gravity and given a dense enough mass this fabric can be puncture. Such a puncture is called a black hole, which Einstein also predicted.  

However, it’s the equation E=mc2 that we’re concerned with right now. Per this equation, half of all the food Travis and Prometheus eat gets converted directly to energy; it’s this energy which fuels all their abilities.

They are essentially walking nuclear fusion reactors, a plot point which comes up in later books.

Black Holes and Wormholes

As a mentioned above, black holes are created when a superdense mass rips a hole in the space-time continuum. This most often happens when stars exhaust their fuel and go supernova, or as a natural part of galaxy formation.

 Scientists have found proof that a supermassive black hole is at the center of every large galaxy, including our own Milky Way.

By Event Horizon Telescope, uploader cropped and converted TIF to JPG – https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1907a/ (image link) The highest-quality image (7416×4320 pixels, TIF, 16-bit, 180 Mb), ESO Article, ESO TIF, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77925953

The gravity created by black holes is so strong that even light can’t escape them, and anything that falls into a black hole will be crushed to a singularity (infinitely tiny particles) and the laws of time and space cease to exist.

However, all is not lost as some black holes have an exit.

By Kes47 (?) – File:LorentzianWormhole.jpg  This W3C-unspecified diagram was created with Mathematica., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30231987

These are called wormholes and their existence has been hypothesized due to a special solution of the Einstein field equation. Worm holes are basically tunnels linking one point in space-time with another, similar to the technology used in the movie Stargate. Travis and Prometheus use wormholes to teleport and dimension hop.     

Teleportation

The science behind teleportation involves quantum mechanics. On the quantum level if you give a particle inside a box enough energy, it is able to “tunnel” through the box. This is known as quantum tunneling and scientists have used it to teleport information between photons, electrons, atoms, and superconductors. However, teleportation of larger objects like humans remains science fiction.

Teleportation in The Phoenix Diaries comes in three varieties: (1) through wormholes as I described above, (2) through advanced alien technology that coverts the user into pure energy that is then sent through an internet of teleportation pads, and (3) via magic. The second and third methods will be explored in the second book in the series.  

Information Theory

Information theory studies the transmission, processing, extraction, and utilization of information. Abstractly, information can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty. One of the issues with information theory is where it concerns black holes.

Mathematically, all data that enters a block hole should be lost, compressed to a singularity. This results in the Black Hole Information Paradox. One proposed solution to this paradox is that the information is retained on the outside of the black hole.  It’s such a solution I take advantage of in my series. When Travis and Prometheus teleport, all their information remains on the outside of the wormhole, then travels along it, where it is then reassembled. And as nod to this, they gain the memories of the other whenever they merged.  

Conclusion

Thanks for reading, and if you liked it, please tell your friends and share it on social media. For more information on the topics covered today, check out nasa.gov, popularmechanics.com, and mkaku.org (the homepage of theoretical physicist Dr. Michio Kaku).

A Tour of the Multiverse: The Worldbuilding of Palingenesis

Introduction

Welcome back. This week I’ll be tackling the elements that went into the world building of Palingenesis.

As kid I was a loner, and the library was my refuge; In seventh grade I got big into mythology, starting with the Greek myths, then moved on to Norse and Egyptian mythology.

During this time I was also big into video games, anime, comics, and sci-fi/fantasy shows like Buffy, Charmed, and  Star Trek: The Next Generation. All of this shaped the worldbuilding of Palingenesis, as I will explain.

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The Strength That Endures: Symbols in Palingenesis

Introduction

Welcome back.

 In this post I’ll be exploring symbols and their use within the world of Palingenesis. But what is a symbol?

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a symbol as: something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance, especially :  a visible sign of something invisible. Familiar examples of such symbols are the cross, Star of David, and the star and crescent.

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Review Reverie

Reverie, by Ryan La Sala (note: I follow him on Twitter), is a YA fantasy that focuses Kane Montgomery, a gay high schooler who has three big problems. He stole his father’s classic car and crashed it into a local landmark, is the primary suspect in the disappearance of local artist Maxine Ozman, and he can’t remember anything about himself prior to the crash.

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Review Yes No Maybe So

Yes No Maybe So is a YA romance by Aisha Saeed and Becky Albertalli that follows seventeen-year-olds Jamie Goldberg and Maya Rehman as they are forced by their parents to canvass for Jordan Rossum, the Georgia state Democratic candidate for their district’s special election.

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Review: Team Phison Forever

Team Phison Forever, by Chace Verity, is the sequel to Team Phison and picks up a year-and-a-half after the end of the first novella. This time Tyson is the point of view character and is dealing with self-worth and abandonment issues as he prepares to propose to Phil.

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Review: Team Phison

Team Phison by Chace Verity is a geeky May December mm romance novella. Fifty-something Phil Hutton is devastated when Curtis, his partner of several years, leaves him for a younger man. To cope with this Phil begins playing Defend Earth at all Cost, a Halo-esque first-person shooter PC game. While playing campaign mode, Phil is paired with BisonFalls; he’s a complete noob and Phil has to show him how to do everything.

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Burn After Reading: Palingenesis, Transmigration of Souls, and Jung’s Collective Unconscious

Introduction

Welcome,

This is the first in a series of posts leading up to the cover reveal of Palingenesis, my debut YA novel about 12-year-old Travis Turner, a bullied biracial geeky boy who learns he’s evil’s chosen. Travis must then fight the devil to protect the boy and world he loves.

Palingenesis is the first in a series and will release September 1, 2021. A recurring motif in the story is that of rebirth as symbolized by the phoenix, but this growth doesn’t come easy. As Octavia Butler said:

In order to rise from its own ashes, a Phoenix first must burn.

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Strange Fruit: on the Commodification of Black and LGBTQ+ Trauma

Introduction

From the recent videos of police brutalizing and murdering Black people and those depicting violence against LGBTQ+ folks, to Books like The Hate U Give and Red, White & Royal Blue, trauma porn has been in for a while now. Trauma porn is defined as any media where the primary focus is on the suffering or pain of its characters.

Now you might be thinking, “Doesn’t everyone face challenges?” And you’d be right. The issues comes when the people in these stories primarily come from marginalized communities. Take videos of rundown buildings in Detroit and other majority minority cities for example. The purpose of said videos weren’t to humanize the residents of these cities but to provide entertainment for the bourgeoise whites and others who watched them. Likewise, when these same people read about Black and LGBTQ+ pain, they consume them as entertainment, which resultes in the dehumanizing of both communities.

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Review: The Space between Worlds

 

The Space Between Worlds by Micaiah Johnson is a sci-fi mystery that centers around traversers, people who can travel to parallel dimensions, but only if their counterparts on theses worlds (dops) are dead. Caramenta is such a traverser, and on her first trip she dies, and her dop, Caralee, assumes her identity for the next six years, where the story picks up.

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Whites Only Need Apply: On the Chosen One trope, White Entitlement, and White Male Mediocrity

Introduction

As I wrote in Fantastical Racism, the chosen one trope is a staple of the Fantasy genre, which more often than not puts allo, cis , het, white males in the position of the chosen one. Harry Potter, Percy Jackson, John Snow, they are all mediocre white males who are proven to be the chosen ones of their respected books. In each case there are infinitely more interesting characters supporting them, yet because they are the designated self-insert for readers, we have to follow their journeys.

 But more than that, this has led to generations of white males feeling entitled to the world, because they’ve grown up saturated in media that’s told them they are special, when they are mediocre at best.  

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But Not Too Black

Introduction

As I wrote in YA So White there is a lack of Black characters in YA; specifically, Black characters are often rendered as sidekicks to the white protagonists, only there to give them support and advance their arc. Or they are whitewashed, stripped of all their flavor to please the bland palates of white readers.

 And in the worst cases they are reduced to passive objects for the white characters to swoon over, as documented by Aisha Monet in her medium.com article Queer Love Interests of Color and the White Gaze. Be it Blue from Simon v. The Homo Sapiens Agenda, Abbey from Leah Out Loud, Dre from The State of Us, or even Starr from The Hate U Give, Black bodies are reduced to mates for white characters.

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Review: Felix Ever After

Felix Ever After by Kacen Callender is a queer romance mystery that centers on seventeen-year-old Felix Love, who’s about to graduate from his private high school but has never been kissed, much less in love. Felix is a trans male of color and his father has a hard time accepting him, so he spends most of his time at his best friend Ezra’s apartment. Ezra’s parents are super rich and bought him his own apartment so he could attend their school’s summer art program.

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